RLC circuit - state space representation

A state space representation and a transfer function H(s) designating for RLC circuit. An electric circuit has in its topology: an inductivity, a capacitor and a resistor. All elements are connected in series. Input voltage is between start and end terminals in circuit. Output voltage is voltage on inductivity. One of inductivity terminals is connected to the ground.

A state space representation for RLC circuit - example 2

state space representation - RLC circuit example 2

Two dynamic models will be designated for RLC circuit with four terminals. The RLC circuit shown above will be modeled in forms of: a Laplace transfer function and the state space representation equations. It is assumed that start conditions for the Laplace transformation are equal to zero (ST=0).

Dynamic model of circuit in form transfer function H(s)

The subject electric RLC circuit is in essence a voltage divider. Its resultant impedance will be designated as the Laplace transformation form. Calculations are based on assumption that the initial conditions for the Laplace transformation are equal to zero (ST=0).

state space representation - RLC circuit equation 1

It should be noted that

state space representation - RLC circuit equation 2

Using the equation for output voltage U_2(s) the transfer function H(s) can be computed as H(s) = U_2(s) / U_1(s).

state space representation - RLC circuit equation 3

Dynamic model in form state space representation equations

The general form of the state space representation equations is following:

state space representation - RLC circuit equation 4

Where:
[A]- state matrix, [B]- input matrix, [C]- output matrix, [D]- feedthrough matrix

state space representation - RLC circuit equation 5

Because elements R, L, C are connected in series then:

state space representation - RLC circuit equation 6
state space representation - RLC circuit equation 7

The equation is rewritten in a way which places a derivative of the biggest degree at the left side of equation.

state space representation - RLC circuit equation 8

The state space representation, the state matrix [A] and the input matrix [B]:

state space representation - RLC circuit equation 9

The state space representation, the output matrix(vector) [C] and the feedthrough matrix(vector) [D]:

state space representation - RLC circuit equation 10

Simulations in MATLAB

Two dynamic models, i.e. mathematical models, have been designated for the RLC circuit. The first model is in form of the transfer function H(s). The second model is in from of the state space representation equations. At this point, all necessary data to execute simulation in MATLAB is in place.

Simulation in MATLAB through transfer function H(s)

A simulation of system’s response for a jump extortion it’s possible through a MATLAB’s lsim function. Firstly, a m-file needs to be created; it will contain parameters of the RLC electric circuit.
lsim(c,d,uin,t)
where:
c – vector with factors from counter of transfer function H(s)
d – vector with factors from denominator of transfer function H(s)
uin – vector with values for extortion
t – time vector
An sample code for executing the simulation:
R=100;%resistance value
L=0.01;%inductivity value
C=0.001;%capacity value
t=0:0.000001:1;%time vector definition
uin=ones(1,length(t));%definition for unit extortion with application of ones function
c=[L];%vector with transfer function counter factors
d=[L R 1/C];% vector with transfer function denominator factors
lsim(c,d,uin,t);

Simulation in MATLAB through via state space representation

MATLAB is really a very powerful calculation tool. It has in its resources a bunch of functions which allow to plot: an impulse response characteristic, a step response characteristic and even the frequency response characteristics.
impulse(A,B,C,D)
step(A,B,C,D)
bode(A,B,C,D)
Using specified above functions, characteristics of object can be plotted with ease. It is necessary to give input parameters as: the state matrix, the input matrix, the output matrix and the feedthrough matrix. In the considered example, the appearance of input parameters is following:

state space representation - RLC circuit equation 11.

MATLAB gives a possibility to create custom functions i.e. a custom library functions. A plenty of functions which are in MATLAB’s library were defined by users and shared with others. Therefore, everybody can contribute in the development of MATLAB's libraries.