RLC circuit - state space representation

A state space representation for RLC circuit - example 3

state space representation - RLC circuit example 3

A subject of example is a RLC circuit with four terminals. The considered circuit is constructed in specified way. The capacitor C and the coil L are connected in parallel. Connecting these elements in this way causes the output voltage (the output signal) to be tied in following relation u_2(t) = u_C(t) = u_L(t). The input voltage(input signal) u_1(t) is applied between the input terminals of the circuit. In purpose of solving the example the Kirchhoff’s current law (KCL) and Kirchhoff’s voltage law (KVL) have to be used. A transfer function of circuit and afterwards state space representation equations will be designated. It has to be remembered that number of state variables is equal to number of energy storages. In considered circuit energy storages are capacitor C and coil L.

A dynamic model of circuit RLC in form transfer function H(s)

The subject circuit is treated as a voltage divider. It will have its resultant impedance calculated in a Laplace transformation form. It is assumed that initial (start) conditions for Laplace transformation as equal to zero (ST=0). Firstly, the Laplace transformation of capacitor’s and coil’s admittance will be computed. A relation for admittance is used because elements are connected in parallel.

state space representation - RLC circuit equation 1

The circuit’s resultant impedance is the equal to:

state space representation - RLC circuit equation 2

The transfer function H(s) is designated by using formula for a voltage divider:

state space representation - RLC circuit equation 3
state space representation - RLC circuit equation 4

A dynamic model in form of state space representation equations

The general form of state space representation equations is following:

state space representation - RLC circuit equation 5

Where:
[A]- state matrix, [B]- input matrix, [C]- output matrix, [D]- feedthrough matrix

Calculating of the state space representation equations is started by writing Kirchhoff’s voltage law (KVL) equation for circuit. Kirchhoff’s current law (KCL) equation:

state space representation - RLC circuit equation 6

The Kirchhoff’s voltage law (KVL) equation:

state space representation - RLC circuit equation 7
state space representation - RLC circuit equation 8

The state space representation, state matrix [A] and input matrix [B]:

state space representation - RLC circuit equation 9

Since u_2(t) = u_C(t) = u_L(t)

state space representation - RLC circuit equation 10

The state space representation, output matrix(vector) [C] and feedthrough matrix(vector) [D]:

state space representation - RLC circuit equation 11

The circuit simulation in MATLAB.

Two dynamic models have been designated for RLC circuit. The first model is in form of transfer function. The second model is in from of state space representation equations. All necessary data is in place to execute a simulation in MATLAB.

Simulation in MATLAB through transfer function H(s)

The simulation of the system’s response for a jump extortion it’s possible through lsim function. Firstly, a MATLAB’s m-file needs to be created with declarations of parameters of the electric circuit.
lsim(c,d,uin,t)
where:
c – vector with factors from counter of transfer function H(s)
d – vector with factors from denominator of transfer function H(s)
uin – vector with values for extortion
t – time vector
Sample code to executing simulation:
R=100;%resistance value
L=0.01;%inductivity value
C=0.001;%capacity value
t=0:0.000001:1;%time vector definition
uin=ones(1,length(t));%definition for unit extortion with application of ones function
l=[1];%vector with transfer function counter factors
m=[R*C 1 R/L];%vector with transfer function denominator factors
lsim(c,d,uin,t);

Simulation in MATLAB through via state space representation

MATLAB is really very powerful calculation tool. It has in its resources functions which allow us to plot impulse response characteristic, step response characteristic and frequency response characteristics. impulse(A,B,C,D)
step(A,B,C,D)
bode(A,B,C,D)
Using specified above functions we can plot characteristics of object. It is necessary to give input parameters as: state matrix, input matrix, output matrix and feedthrough matrix. In considered example appearance of input parameters is following:

state space representation - RLC circuit equation 12

MATLAB gives a possibility to create custom functions i.e. a custom library functions. A plenty of functions which are in MATLAB’s library were defined by users and shared with others. Therefore, everybody can contribute in the development of MATLAB's libraries.